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Females in 1988 Middle School Music Textbooks: An Analysis of Illustrations

University of Wisconsin—Madison

A content analysis of all pictures of music-related figures appearing in sixth-, sev-enth-, and eighth-grade music textbooks published in 1988 revealed that females were underrepresented. An equity criterion of 50% females in illustrations was met only in the case of one activity and a few musical instruments. Furthermore, the illustrations as a group tended to reflect music-related sex stereotypes. More music education research needs to focus on equity in curricular materials, and, more studies in music education should address gender-related issues.

Journal of Research in Music Education, Vol. 42, No. 2, 145-171 (1994)
DOI: 10.2307/3345498


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